09 - Crewed and Uncrewed Aircraft Operations and Traffic Management
STANDARDIZED TAKE-OFF AND LANDING PROCEDURES FOR AIR TAXIS: URBAN AIR MOBILITY
F. Naeem¹, V. Gollnick¹; ¹Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
Despite extensive research on UAM concepts of operations, vehicle design, airspace integration, and verti-rnport development, a key operational gap remains: standardized, implementable take-off and landing (TOL)rnprocedures for air taxi services. This paper develops region-adaptive and standardized TOL procedures byrntranslating and adapting established helicopter terminal procedures to air-taxi operations and evaluates theirrnrobustness across representative high-impact operating contexts, including airport approaches over denselyrnpopulated areas and rail-station environments with terminal versus through-station constraints, selected torncapture real-world limitations such as constrained approach sectors, runway/control-zone proximity, complexrnobstacles, and wind-driven directionality. The scenarios are deliberately drawn from contrasting operatingrnconditions to derive procedure templates that can subsequently be mapped to additional UAM use casesrnwith similar constraint patterns. For each scenario, TOL procedures are designed and assessed under threerncommuter-demand levels (1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 passengers/day) to quantify capacity limits and conflict sen-rnsitivity. Multi-year wind-direction statistics are used to optimize feasible take-off and landing directions for eachrnsite, ensuring alignment with prevailing wind conditions. Integrated simulation and visualization are performedrnusing MATLAB for trajectory generation and wind-adaptive parameter studies and AnyLogic for event-drivenrnvertiplace operations and turnaround interactions, supported by ATC-oriented expert review to assess control-rnlability, procedural clarity, and workload implications.rnThe new value of this work is that it turns UAM take-off and landing from a “concept” into clear, repeatable procedures. Instead of inventing procedures from scratch, we adapt proven helicopter TOL procedures for air taxis and then adjust them
DOI: 10.71945/icas2026_0946