22nd Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Harrogate, UK, 28 August - 1st September, 2000
Paper ICAS 2000-1.1.R1
THREE-SURFACE AIRCRAFT - A CONCEPT FOR FUTURE LARGE AIRCRAFT
G. Wichmann, D. Strohmeyer, T. Streit
DLR, Braunschweig, Germany
Keywords: three-surface aircraft, transonic canard design, preliminary aircraft design,
canard optimisation, fuselage-canard configuration
In this paper the activities of the Institute of Design
Aerodynamics within the DLR project
“Dreiflächen-Flugzeug (3FF)” - Three-Surface
Aircraft, TSA - concerning the investigation of
three-surface aircraft configurations are presented.
Results of aircraft predesign calculations
of the retrofitted wind-tunnel model DLR-F11
show higher performances for the optimised TSA
configuration compared to the conventional design.
However, the performance increase is coupled
with a loss of static stability. Under the
boundary condition of equal static stability, the
same performance gain is achieved with a conventional
design. The possible performance potential
of TSA configurations can only be realised
if the concept of a “free-floating canard”, which
does not influence the static stability, is taken into
account. Corresponding transonic canard designs
demonstrate the aerodynamic feasibility of the
canard concept for transport aircraft configurations
at high cruise Mach numbers for a backward
swept canard at a low aft position and a
forward swept canard at a low front position.
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